Why Are There More Boys with Autism Than Girls?

Decades of research have confirmed that autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is caused by genetic mutations. However, it remains unclear why autism is about four times more common in boys than in girls. The reason may not be solely genetic.

Despite the challenges researchers face, they have developed several hypotheses explaining why autism is diagnosed more frequently in boys.

1. Genetic Factors

Boys have only one copy of the X chromosome (XY), whereas girls have two (XX). Many genes associated with ASD are located on the X chromosome. This makes it more susceptible to mutations, and since boys lack a second X chromosome to compensate for genetic damage, they may be more vulnerable.

Studies also indicate that girls with autism often exhibit more significant genetic changes. This suggests that a stronger “hit” to their DNA may be required for autism symptoms to manifest.

2. Hormonal Differences

Male sex hormones (such as testosterone) can influence brain development and increase the likelihood of ASD. Some research links high prenatal testosterone levels to a greater presence of autistic traits.

3. Differences in Symptom Expression

Girls with ASD often present symptoms differently:

• They may be better at masking their difficulties using social coping strategies.
• Their interests may appear less “unusual” compared to those of boys.

These gender-based differences in autism symptoms can lead to an underestimation of ASD prevalence among girls, as many cases go undiagnosed. Additionally, diagnostic standards have been largely based on studies of boys, making ASD harder to recognize in girls.

4. Evolutionary Factors

Some theories suggest that brain development and cognitive functions differ between boys and girls, making boys more susceptible to neurodevelopmental disorders.

5. Environmental Factors

Environmental influences—such as toxins or infections during pregnancy—may affect brain development differently in boys and girls, but these mechanisms remain poorly understood.

While ASD is more commonly diagnosed in boys, it is important to note that girls who receive a confirmed diagnosis may face greater challenges due to delayed diagnosis or lack of support. This highlights the need for further research and adjustments to diagnostic criteria.

However, both boys and girls can overcome difficulties related to development, learning, behavior, and social interaction. One of the most promising solutions is stem cell therapy, an innovative technology based on transplantation science. This method involves introducing the patient’s own stem cells, derived from umbilical cord blood or bone marrow. Once in the brain, these cells replace damaged ones that cannot function properly—addressing the root cause of autism symptoms. Many patients experience significant improvement soon after treatment.

This recognized procedure is available only in leading medical institutions, as it requires top-tier specialists and state-of-the-art equipment. The Mardaleishvili Medical Center offers the necessary expertise and facilities, with accumulated experience confirming the effectiveness and safety of stem cell transplantation. Unlike other treatment methods, it does not require repeated courses.

Take advantage of stem cell therapy—it’s a chance to normalize life!